Free Ladder Inspection Checklist: Ensure Safety Before Every Use

1.

Pre-Use Selection & Site Assessment

Choose the right tool for the job and a safe place to use it.

1.1.
Confirm the ladder type is correct for the task (step ladder for stationary work, extension for height, fiberglass for electrical work).
1.2.
Check the Duty Rating sticker to ensure it exceeds your weight plus tools and materials.
1.3.
Verify the ladder length is sufficient, allowing for a 3-foot extension above a rooftop or landing point.
1.4.
Inspect the work area. The ground must be level, firm, and free of slip or trip hazards. Look up for overhead power lines or other obstructions.

2.

2.1.
Look for cracks, splits, dents, or severe corrosion on side rails (stiles) and rungs/steps. Pay extra attention to joints and connection points.
2.2.
Check all hardware. Rivets, bolts, screws, and hinges must be tight, secure, and free of excessive rust.
2.3.
Inspect for chemical damage, heat distortion, or excessive weathering that weakens the material.
2.4.
Ensure the ladder is free of grease, oil, wet paint, or mud that could cause slips or hide defects.

3.

3.1.
Every step or rung must be firmly attached and should not twist, wobble, or feel loose under hand pressure.
3.2.
The stepping surface must be intact, clean, and provide positive slip resistance. Look for worn treads or damaged anti-slip grooves.
3.3.
On step ladders, ensure the pail shelf is securely fastened and the spreader braces lock fully and smoothly.
3.4.
Check for splinters on wooden ladders or sharp edges/burrs on metal ones.

4.

4.1.
On extension ladders, examine the rope, pulley, and locking mechanisms. The rope should not be frayed, cut, or excessively worn.
4.2.
Test the rung locks (or pawls). Engage and disengage them on several rungs; they must seat securely with a clear, audible click and hold without slipping.
4.3.
Inspect guides and channels for straightness and debris that could hinder smooth extension/retraction.
4.4.
Ensure all movable parts operate without sticking or binding.

5.

5.1.
All ladder feet are present, intact, and make solid contact with the ground. A missing foot is an immediate fail.
5.2.
Rubber or polyurethane foot pads (shoes) must be pliable, clean, and have deep tread. Replace if hardened, cracked, worn smooth, or missing.
5.3.
On step ladders, inspect the hinge spreaders and locking bars for damage or deformation. They must lock positively in the fully open position.

6.

6.1.
Set extension ladders at the proper 4:1 angle (1 foot out for every 4 feet up). Use the "stand-up" method or a visual angle guide if marked on the rails.
6.2.
Secure the ladder at the top and bottom. Tie off the top to a stable structure or use a ladder stabilizer. Have a helper foot the base if possible.
6.3.
Ensure both side rails are fully supported at the top, not just the rungs.
6.4.
Fully open step ladders until spreaders are locked tight. Never use a step ladder in a closed or partially open position as a straight ladder.

7.

7.1.
Listen for unusual noises like creaking, popping, or cracking while climbing or working.
7.2.
If the ladder is struck, overloaded, or tipped, immediately descend and tag it "DO NOT USE" for a thorough re-inspection or repair.
7.3.
After use, clean off debris and store the ladder properly in a dry, secure location to prevent damage or warping.
7.4.
Clearly tag and remove from service any ladder that fails inspection. Do not attempt temporary repairs.